This study investigates the performance of PVDF hollow fiber membranes in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. The aim is to determine the impact of membrane characteristics on the complete treatment effectiveness. A selection of PVDF hollow fiber membranes with varying pore sizes and surface structures are utilized in this study. The treatment unit

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) process has emerged as a promising approach for treating wastewater due to its ability to achieve high removal rates of organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. MBRs combine the principles of biological treatment with membrane filtration, get more info resulting in an efficient and versatile tool for water purifica

Nanobubbles are emerging as a groundbreaking solution in the agricultural sector. These tiny gas bubbles, measuring just nanometers in diameter, possess unique properties that improve plant growth and crop yields. By incorporating nanobubbles into irrigation systems or soil amendments, farmers can maximize nutrient uptake, promote root development,